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過去完了のPC・スマホ用プリント
授業で使用してきた英語発展編の過去完了の勉強用プリントの一部です。PC、スマホ用です。高校の定期テスト、復習、大学受験の勉強にお使いください。すべてではありませんが、YOUTUBEの動画で説明しています。詳しくは本サイトの動画のページで。
過去完了の原則 | |||
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例文: | |||
[継続] | |||
I had known nothing about it until you told it to me. | |||
(君が僕に話してくれるまでそのことは知らなかった。) | |||
[経験] | |||
I had never been to China until I became 20. | |||
(私は二十歳になるまで中国に行ったことがなかった。) | |||
[完了] | |||
When I came home | my brother had just finished his homework. | ||
(僕が家に帰ったとき弟はちょうど宿題を終えたところだった。) | |||
[結果] | |||
The train had already started when I got to the station. | |||
(私が駅に着いたとき電車はすでに発車していた。) | |||
[大過去] | |||
(1)I found my bag which I had lost the day before. | |||
「私は、その前の日に失くしたかばんを見つけた。」 | |||
(2)He met the man who I had met the day before. | |||
「彼は、私がその前の日に会った男の人と会った。」 | |||
(3)Ken talked about the movie which he had watched two weeks before. | |||
「ケンは、2週間前に観た映画について話した。」 | |||
[過去を表す実質的な過去完了] | |||
(1)助動詞の後に過去のことを書きたい場合 | |||
He must have stolen the money. | |||
「彼はそのお金を盗んだに違いない」 | |||
He may [might / could] have stolen the money. | |||
「彼はそのお金を盗んだ[ひょっとすると盗んだ]かもしれない」 | |||
* 推量の強さは may > might / could | |||
He cannot [couldn't] have stolen the money. | |||
「彼はそのお金を盗んだはずがない[だろう]」 | |||
* 推量の強さは can > could | |||
You should have gone to see the concert yesterday. | |||
「君は昨日コンサートを見に行くべきだったのに」(行かなかった) | |||
* should は、話し手の主観的な意見 | |||
You ought to have gone to vote even if it was very cold. | |||
「君はたとえすごく寒かったとしても、投票には行くべきだったのに」(行かなかった) | |||
* ought to は、法律・規則・道徳などに照らした客観的義務 | |||
I needn't have bought so much food. There were only two guests at the party. | |||
「そんなにたくさん食べ物を買う必要はなかったのになあ(買ってしまった)。 | |||
(2)不定詞の後に過去のことを書きたい場合 | |||
I am proud to have won the prize. | |||
「私はその賞を取ったことを誇りに思っている」 | |||
[= I am proud that I won the prize.] | |||
She seems to have been very happy. | |||
(彼女はとても幸せだったようです。) | |||
[= It seems that she was very happy.] | |||
She is said to have been very happy. | |||
(彼女はとても幸せだったと言われている。) | |||
[= It is said that she was very happy.] | |||
This car seems to have been used for a long time. | |||
「この車は長い間使われてきたように思われる」 | |||
[= It seems that this car has been used for a long time.] | |||
(3)過去のことを妄想する場合<仮定法過去完了> | |||
If I had known your address | I would have written to you. | ||
(あなたの住所がわかっていたら、お手紙を出したのですが) | |||
(=I did not write to you because I did not know your address.) | |||
I wish he had been with me then. | |||
(あの時彼が一緒にいてくれたらなあ) | |||
(=I am sorry that he was not with me then.) | |||
If only I had had more money then! | |||
(あの時ぼくにもっと金があったらなあ) | |||